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Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem

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Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem

Sibylla (Old French: Sibyl; c. 1159 – 25 July 1190) was the queen of Jerusalem from 1186 until her death in 1190. She reigned alongside her husband Guy of Lusignan, whom she continued to support despite his unpopularity among the barons of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Sibylla was the eldest daughter of King Amalric and the only daughter of his first wife, Agnes of Courtenay. Her father died in 1174, making her heir presumptive to her younger brother, King Baldwin IV; when it became clear that the 13-year-old king had contracted leprosy, the matter of Sibylla's marriage became urgent. The regent, Count Raymond III of Tripoli, arranged for her to marry William Longsword of Montferrat in late 1176, but within a year, William died, leaving her pregnant and in possession of the County of Jaffa and Ascalon. Shortly after giving birth to a son, Baldwin, Sibylla came to be associated with her brother in public acts, thereby being designated as next in line to the throne. Sibylla's brother arranged her second marriage to Guy of Lusignan in 1180, likely to foil a coup planned by Raymond III of Tripoli and Bohemond III of Antioch. The couple had four daughters, but their marriage deeply divided the nobility. By 1183, King Baldwin had become completely incapacitated by his disease as well as disillusioned with Guy's character and inability to lead. To prevent Guy's accession to the throne, Baldwin had Sibylla's son crowned as co-king and attempted to separate Sibylla from Guy, but the couple refused to show up at court. Baldwin IV died in 1185, having named Raymond to rule as regent for Baldwin V instead of Sibylla or Guy. The boy king died the next year, and Sibylla moved quickly to claim the throne against Raymond's ambitions. She agreed to her supporters' demand to set Guy aside on the condition that she could choose her next husband, and outwitted them at her coronation in mid-September 1186 by choosing to remarry Guy and crown him herself. Saladin took advantage of the discord in the kingdom to invade in 1187, reducing the Kingdom of Jerusalem to a single city, Tyre. Sibylla visited her husband, who had been taken captive at the decisive Battle of Hattin, and procured from Saladin his release. While Guy was besieging Acre, the queen and their daughters died in July 1190 of an epidemic outside Acre.

Infobox

Reign
mid-1186 – 25 July 1190
Predecessor
Baldwin V
Successor
Isabella I
Co-ruler
Guy
Born
c. 1159Kingdom of Jerusalem
Died
25 July 1190 (aged 30–31)Acre
Spouses
mw- William Longsword of Montferrat (m. 1176; died 1177) Guy of Lusignan (m. 1180)
Issue
Baldwin V
House
House of Anjou
Father
Amalric of Jerusalem
Mother
Agnes of Courtenay

Tables

· References › Bibliography
VacantMerged into royal domainTitle last held byAmalric
VacantMerged into royal domainTitle last held byAmalric
Titles of nobility
VacantMerged into royal domainTitle last held byAmalric
Titles of nobility
Countess of Jaffa and Ascalon 1176-1186with William of Montferrat (1176-1177)Guy of Lusignan (1180-1186)
Titles of nobility
VacantMerged into royal domainTitle next held byGeoffrey of Lusignan
Regnal titles
Regnal titles
Titles of nobility
Regnal titles
Preceded byBaldwin V
Preceded byBaldwin V
Titles of nobility
Preceded byBaldwin V
Titles of nobility
Queen of Jerusalem 1186-1190with Guy
Titles of nobility
Succeeded byIsabella I
Titles of nobility
VacantMerged into royal domainTitle last held byAmalric
Countess of Jaffa and Ascalon 1176-1186with William of Montferrat (1176-1177)Guy of Lusignan (1180-1186)
VacantMerged into royal domainTitle next held byGeoffrey of Lusignan
Regnal titles
Preceded byBaldwin V
Queen of Jerusalem 1186-1190with Guy
Succeeded byIsabella I

References

  1. "Virum quidem carne nobilem, morbius vero non ita"
  2. "Turpiter and immunde"
  3. This nickname was indicative of his military skill
  4. Hamilton 2000, p. 24.
  5. Hamilton 2000, p. 39.
  6. Hamilton 2000, pp. 57–58.
  7. Hodgson 2007, p. 71.
  8. Nicholson 2022, p. 31.
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  10. Hamilton 2000, p. 26.
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  13. Hamilton 1978, p. 164.
  14. Hamilton 2000, p. 27.
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  16. Nicholson 2022, p. 37.
  17. Hamilton 2000, p. 29.
  18. Nicholson 2022, p. 43.
  19. Nicholson 2022, p. 44.
  20. Hamilton 2000, p. 30.
  21. Hamilton 2000, p. 109.
  22. Nicholson 2022, p. 45.
  23. Hamilton 2000, p. 32.
  24. Hamilton 2000, p. 40.
  25. Hamilton 2000, p. 41.
  26. Hamilton 2000, p. 89.
  27. Hamilton 1978, p. 165.
  28. Hamilton 2000, p. 100.
  29. Nicholson 2022, p. 58.
  30. Hamilton 2000, p. 101.
  31. Nicholson 2022, p. 60.
  32. Hamilton 2000, p. 110.
  33. Nicholson 2022, p. 62.
  34. Hamilton 2000, p. 118.
  35. Hamilton 2000, p. 139.
  36. Nicholson 2022, p. 64.
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  38. Nicholson 2022, p. 72.
  39. Hamilton 2000, pp. 125–126.
  40. Runciman 1989a, p. 415.
  41. Nicholson 2022, p. 74.
  42. Hamilton 2000, p. 125.
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  44. Hamilton 2000, p. 139-141.
  45. Hamilton 2000, p. 145.
  46. Hamilton 2000, p. 157.
  47. Nicholson 2022, p. 80.
  48. Hamilton 2000, p. 147.
  49. Nicholson 2022, p. 81.
  50. Hamilton 2000, p. 150.
  51. Hamilton 2000, p. 152.
  52. Hamilton 2000, p. 153.
  53. Hamilton 2000, pp. 151–152.
  54. Nicholson 2022, p. 82.
  55. Hamilton 2000, pp. 154–155.
  56. Hamilton 2000, p. 156.
  57. Nicholson 2022, p. 86.
  58. Hamilton 2000, p. 155.
  59. Hamilton 1978, p. 168.
  60. Nicholson 2022, p. 95.
  61. Hamilton 1978, p. 172.
  62. Hamilton 2000, p. 158.
  63. Hamilton 1978, p. 167.
  64. Hamilton 2000, p. 167.
  65. Hamilton 2000, pp. xviii, xx.
  66. Hamilton 2000, pp. 187, 240.
  67. Hamilton 2000, pp. 188.
  68. Riley-Smith 1973, p. 107.
  69. Hamilton 2000, p. 191.
  70. Hamilton 2000, p. 192.
  71. Hamilton 2000, pp. 193–194.
  72. Nicholson 2022, p. 101.
  73. Hamilton 2000, p. 194.
  74. Nicholson 2022, p. 103.
  75. Runciman 1989a, p. 441.
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  80. Nicholson 2022, p. 109.
  81. Riley-Smith 1973, p. 108.
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  83. Hamilton 2000, p. 210.
  84. Riley-Smith 1973, p. 109.
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  87. Hamilton 2000, pp. 217–218.
  88. Hamilton 2000, p. 218.
  89. Hamilton 2000, p. 220.
  90. Runciman 1989a, p. 447.
  91. Hamilton 2000, p. 221.
  92. Nicholson 2022, p. 120.
  93. Runciman 1989a, p. 448.
  94. Riley-Smith 1973, p. 171.
  95. Runciman 1989a, p. 449.
  96. Hamilton 2000, p. 222.
  97. Hamilton 2000, p. 223.
  98. Hamilton 2000, p. 227.
  99. Hamilton 2000, p. 228.
  100. Hamilton 2000, p. 229.
  101. Hamilton 2000, p. 230.
  102. Hamilton 2000, p. 231.
  103. Nicholson 2004, p. 112.
  104. Nicholson 2022, p. 134.
  105. Runciman 1989a, pp. 462–463.
  106. Nicholson 2004, p. 113.
  107. Runciman 1989a, p. 471.
  108. Runciman 1989b, p. 19.
  109. Nicholson 2022, p. 148.
  110. Runciman 1989b, p. 21.
  111. Runciman 1989b, p. 30.
  112. Hodgson 2007, p. 80.
  113. Nicholson 2004, p. 114.
  114. Nicholson 2004, p. 124.
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