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List of states with nuclear weapons

Updated: Wikipedia source

List of states with nuclear weapons

There are currently nine sovereign states that are generally understood to possess nuclear weapons, though only eight formally acknowledge possessing them. In order of first successful nuclear test, the world's nine nuclear-armed states are the United States (1945), Russia (1949), the United Kingdom (1952), France (1960), China (1964), India (1974), Pakistan (1998), and North Korea (2006); Israel is believed to have acquired nuclear weapons around 1967, but has never openly tested or formally acknowledged having them. Under the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, and China are recognized "nuclear-weapons states" (NWS). They are also the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. Israel, India, and Pakistan never signed the NPT, while North Korea acceded to it in 1985 before announcing withdrawal in 2003. South Africa developed nuclear weapons by 1982 but dismantled them around 1989 and joined the NPT in 1991. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the former Soviet republics of Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Belarus had nuclear weapons deployed on their territories, but agreed to transfer them to Russia (which inherited the Soviet Union's international rights and obligations) and join the NPT as non-nuclear-weapon states. There are six states that do not possess nuclear weapons, but have nuclear weapons deployed on their territory. U.S. nuclear weapons are based in Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Turkey. Russian nuclear weapons are deployed in Belarus. During the Cold War, at least 23 states were known hosts of U.S., British, or Soviet nuclear weapons. According to the Federation of American Scientists (FAS), there are 12,331 nuclear warheads in the world and approximately 3,904 of these are active, as of 2025. In 2024, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) estimated that the total number of nuclear warheads had reached 12,121. Approximately 9,585 nuclear warheads are kept with military stockpiles. About 3,904 warheads are deployed with operational forces. 2,100 warheads, which are primarily from Russia and the United States, are maintained for high operational alerts.

Tables

Overview of nuclear states and their capacities · Statistics and force configuration
Total
Total
Country
Total
Warheads
Deployed
Warheads
Date
First test
Site
First test
Sea
Thermo-nuclear power?
Air
NPT status
Land
CTBT status
Notes
United States
United States
Country
United States
Warheads
3,700
Warheads
1,770
First test
16 July 1945 (Trinity)
First test
Alamogordo, New Mexico
Thermo-nuclear power?
NPT status
Party
CTBT status
Signatory
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
US triad
Tests
1,030
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Country
Russian Federation
Warheads
4,309
Warheads
1,718
First test
29 August 1949 (RDS-1)
First test
Semipalatinsk, Kazakh SSR
Thermo-nuclear power?
NPT status
Party
CTBT status
Signatory (ratified, but later revoked ratification)
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
Russian triad
Tests
715
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Country
United Kingdom
Warheads
225
Warheads
120
First test
3 October 1952 (Hurricane)
First test
Monte Bello Islands, Australia
Thermo-nuclear power?
NPT status
Party
CTBT status
Ratifier
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
Trident submarines
Tests
45
France
France
Country
France
Warheads
290
Warheads
280
First test
13 February 1960 (Gerboise Bleue)
First test
Reggane, French Algeria
Thermo-nuclear power?
NPT status
Party
CTBT status
Ratifier
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
Triomphant submarines, air capability
Tests
210
China
China
Country
China
Warheads
600
Warheads
24
First test
16 October 1964 (596)
First test
Lop Nur, Xinjiang
Thermo-nuclear power?
NPT status
Party
CTBT status
Signatory
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
Chinese triad
Tests
45
India
India
Country
India
Warheads
180
Warheads
0
First test
18 May 1974 (Smiling Buddha)
First test
Pokhran, Rajasthan
Thermo-nuclear power?
NPT status
Non-party
CTBT status
Non-signatory
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
Indian triad
Tests
6
Pakistan
Pakistan
Country
Pakistan
Warheads
170
Warheads
0
First test
28 May 1998 (Chagai-1)
First test
Ras Koh Hills, Balochistan
Thermo-nuclear power?
NPT status
Non-party
CTBT status
Non-signatory
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
Air capability, Missile delivery system
Tests
2
Israel
Israel
Country
Israel
Warheads
90
Warheads
0
First test
1960–1979
First test
Unknown
Thermo-nuclear power?
NPT status
Non-party
CTBT status
Signatory
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
Suspected Israeli triad
Tests
Unknown
North Korea
North Korea
Country
North Korea
Warheads
50
Warheads
0
First test
9 October 2006
First test
Kilju, North Hamgyong
Thermo-nuclear power?
NPT status
Announced withdrawal
CTBT status
Non-signatory
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
Delivery method
North Korean delivery systems
Tests
6
Country
Warheads
First test
Thermo-nuclear power?
NPT status
CTBT status
Delivery method
Tests
Total
Deployed
Date
Site
Sea
Air
Land
Notes
United States
3,700
1,770
16 July 1945 (Trinity)
Alamogordo, New Mexico
Party
Signatory
US triad
1,030
Russian Federation
4,309
1,718
29 August 1949 (RDS-1)
Semipalatinsk, Kazakh SSR
Party
Signatory (ratified, but later revoked ratification)
Russian triad
715
United Kingdom
225
120
3 October 1952 (Hurricane)
Monte Bello Islands, Australia
Party
Ratifier
Trident submarines
45
France
290
280
13 February 1960 (Gerboise Bleue)
Reggane, French Algeria
Party
Ratifier
Triomphant submarines, air capability
210
China
600
24
16 October 1964 (596)
Lop Nur, Xinjiang
Party
Signatory
Chinese triad
45
India
180
0
18 May 1974 (Smiling Buddha)
Pokhran, Rajasthan
Non-party
Non-signatory
Indian triad
6
Pakistan
170
0
28 May 1998 (Chagai-1)
Ras Koh Hills, Balochistan
Non-party
Non-signatory
Air capability, Missile delivery system
2
Israel
90
0
1960–1979
Unknown
Non-party
Signatory
Suspected Israeli triad
Unknown
North Korea
50
0
9 October 2006
Kilju, North Hamgyong
Announced withdrawal
Non-signatory
North Korean delivery systems
6
Nuclear weapons delivery systems by country, 2025 vte · Statistics and force configuration › Nuclear forces comparison
Basing
Basing
Reference
Basing
Reference
Type
Col 3
Col 4
Col 5
Col 6
Col 7
Col 8
Col 9
Col 10
Col 11
Land
Land
Reference
Land
Reference
Intercontinental ballistic missile
Col 3
Col 4
Col 5
Col 6
Col 7
Col 8
Col 9
Col 10
Col 11
Intermediate-range ballistic missile
Intermediate-range ballistic missile
Reference
Intermediate-range ballistic missile
Reference
Col 3
Col 4
Col 5
Col 6
Col 7
Col 8
Col 9
Col 10
Medium-range ballistic missile
Medium-range ballistic missile
Reference
Medium-range ballistic missile
Reference
Col 3
Col 4
Col 5
Col 6
Col 7
Col 8
Col 9
Col 10
Tactical ballistic missile
Tactical ballistic missile
Reference
Tactical ballistic missile
Reference
Col 3
Col 4
Col 5
Col 6
Col 7
Col 8
Col 9
Col 10
Ground-launched cruise missile
Ground-launched cruise missile
Reference
Ground-launched cruise missile
Reference
Col 3
Col 4
Col 5
Col 6
Col 7
Col 8
Col 9
Col 10
Sea
Sea
Reference
Sea
Reference
Submarine-launched ballistic missile
Col 3
Col 4
Col 5
Col 6
Col 7
Col 8
Col 9
Col 10
Col 11
Submarine-launched cruise missile
Submarine-launched cruise missile
Reference
Submarine-launched cruise missile
Reference
Col 3
Col 4
Col 5
Col 6
Col 7
Col 8
Col 9
Col 10
Unmanned underwater vehicle
Unmanned underwater vehicle
Reference
Unmanned underwater vehicle
Reference
Col 3
Col 4
Col 5
Col 6
Col 7
Col 8
Col 9
Col 10
Air
Air
Reference
Air
Reference
Air-launched ballistic missile
Col 3
Col 4
Col 5
Col 6
Col 7
Col 8
Col 9
Col 10
Col 11
Air-launched cruise missile
Air-launched cruise missile
Reference
Air-launched cruise missile
Reference
Col 3
Col 4
Col 5
Col 6
Col 7
Col 8
Col 9
Col 10
Bombs
Bombs
Reference
Bombs
Reference
Col 3
Col 4
Col 5
Col 6
Col 7
Col 8
Col 9
Col 10
Reference
Basing
Type
Land
Intercontinental ballistic missile
Intermediate-range ballistic missile
Medium-range ballistic missile
Tactical ballistic missile
Ground-launched cruise missile
Sea
Submarine-launched ballistic missile
Submarine-launched cruise missile
Unmanned underwater vehicle
Air
Air-launched ballistic missile
Air-launched cruise missile
Bombs
Launch authority of nuclear states · Launch authority
United States
United States
Country
United States
Authority
President of the United States
Notes
See the Presidential Emergency Satchel.
Russia
Russia
Country
Russia
Authority
President of Russia
Notes
Briefcases may also be issued to the Minister of Defence and the Chief of the General Staff.
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Country
United Kingdom
Authority
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Notes
The prime minister and a secretly designated 'second' may order a launch, but this may be challenged by Parliament.
France
France
Country
France
Authority
President of France
Notes
The Chief of the Military Staff of the President of the Republic and the Chief of the Defence Staff may also be involved in decisions.
China
China
Country
China
Authority
Central Military Commission
Notes
The chairman of the Central Military Commission is the supreme military commander and is held by the CCP general secretary.
India
India
Country
India
Authority
Prime Minister of India
Notes
Nuclear Command Authority includes an Executive Council and a Political Council.
Pakistan
Pakistan
Country
Pakistan
Authority
National Command Authority
Notes
Approval from National Command Authority and requires a consensus of the council's members.
North Korea
North Korea
Country
North Korea
Authority
President of the State Affairs
Notes
The president of the state affairs is the ultimate decisionmaker in regards to North Korea's nuclear arsenal. The position is held by the WPK general secretary and serves as the supreme leader of North Korea.
Israel
Israel
Country
Israel
Authority
Prime Minister of Israel
Notes
Requires agreement of the Minister of Defense and Chief of the General Staff.
Country
Authority
Notes
United States
President of the United States
See the Presidential Emergency Satchel.
Russia
President of Russia
Briefcases may also be issued to the Minister of Defence and the Chief of the General Staff.
United Kingdom
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The prime minister and a secretly designated 'second' may order a launch, but this may be challenged by Parliament.
France
President of France
The Chief of the Military Staff of the President of the Republic and the Chief of the Defence Staff may also be involved in decisions.
China
Central Military Commission
The chairman of the Central Military Commission is the supreme military commander and is held by the CCP general secretary.
India
Prime Minister of India
Nuclear Command Authority includes an Executive Council and a Political Council.
Pakistan
National Command Authority
Approval from National Command Authority and requires a consensus of the council's members.
North Korea
President of the State Affairs
The president of the state affairs is the ultimate decisionmaker in regards to North Korea's nuclear arsenal. The position is held by the WPK general secretary and serves as the supreme leader of North Korea.
Israel
Prime Minister of Israel
Requires agreement of the Minister of Defense and Chief of the General Staff.
Weapons provided for nuclear sharing (2019)[135] · Nuclear weapons sharing › Nuclear weapons shared by the United States
Belgium
Belgium
Country
Belgium
Base
Kleine Brogel
Estimated
20
Germany
Germany
Country
Germany
Base
Büchel
Estimated
20
Italy
Italy
Country
Italy
Base
Aviano
Estimated
20
Italy
Italy
Country
Italy
Base
Ghedi
Netherlands
Netherlands
Country
Netherlands
Base
Volkel
Estimated
20
Turkey
Turkey
Country
Turkey
Base
Incirlik
Estimated
20
Country
Base
Estimated
Belgium
Kleine Brogel
20
Germany
Büchel
20
Italy
Aviano
20
Italy
Ghedi
Netherlands
Volkel
20
Turkey
Incirlik
20
100
Russian nuclear weapons in host countries · Nuclear weapons sharing › Nuclear weapons shared by Russia
Belarus
Belarus
Country
Belarus
Air base
Probably Lida
Warheads
~130
Country
Air base
Warheads
Belarus
Probably Lida
~130

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